I. Ukwakhiwa kwesistimu yokuphakelwa kwamandla elanga

Uhlelo lwamandla elanga lwakhiwa iqembu lamaseli elanga, isilawuli selanga, ibhethri (iqembu).Uma amandla okukhiphayo eyi-AC 220V noma i-110V futhi ukuze agcwalise insiza, udinga futhi ukulungisa isishintshi esihlakaniphile nesisetshenziswayo.

1.Uhlu lwamaseli elanga angamaphaneli elanga

Lena ingxenye ephakathi kakhulu yesistimu yokukhiqiza amandla elanga ye-photovoltaic, indima yayo eyinhloko ukuguqula ama-photon elanga abe ngugesi, ukuze kuthuthukiswe umsebenzi womthwalo.Amaseli elanga ahlukaniswe abe monocrystalline silicon amaseli nawo, polycrystalline silicon amaseli elanga, amorphous silicon amaseli solar.Njengamaseli e-silicon e-monocrystalline kunezinye izinhlobo ezimbili eziqinile, impilo yesevisi ende (imvamisa efika eminyakeni engama-20), ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric, okuholela ekubeni ibe ibhethri elisetshenziswa kakhulu.

2.Isilawuli sokushaja solar

Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukulawula isimo salo lonke uhlelo, kuyilapho ibhethri lishajwa ngokweqile, likhipha uketshezi ukuze lidlale indima yokuvikela.Ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, liphinde libe nomsebenzi wokunxeshezelwa kwezinga lokushisa.

3.Iphakethe lebhethri le-solar deep cycle

Ibhethri njengoba igama lisho isitoreji sikagesi, igcinwa ngokuyinhloko ukuguqulwa kwephaneli yelanga likagesi, ngokuvamile amabhethri e-lead-asidi, angagaywa kabusha izikhathi eziningi.

Kuwo wonke uhlelo lokuqapha.Ezinye izinto zokusebenza zidinga ukunikeza amandla angu-220V, 110V AC, futhi ukuphuma okuqondile kwamandla elanga ngokuvamile kuba ngu-12VDc, 24VDc, 48VDc.Ngakho-ke ukuze unikeze amandla ku-22VAC, okokusebenza kwe-11OVAc, uhlelo kufanele lukhuliswe isiguquli se-DC/AC, uhlelo lokuphehla amandla elanga le-photovoltaic luzokhiqizwa emandleni e-DC lube namandla e-AC.

Okwesibili, isimiso sokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga

Umgomo olula wokukhiqiza amandla elanga yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, okungukuthi, ukuguqulwa kwamandla elanga abe ngugesi.Le nqubo yokuguqulwa iyinqubo ye-solar radiation photon ngokusebenzisa impahla ye-semiconductor ibe amandla kagesi, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi "umphumela we-photovoltaic", amaseli elanga enziwa kusetshenziswa lo mphumela.

Njengoba sazi, lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kukhanya ku-semiconductor, amanye ama-photon avela ngaphandle, amanye adonswa yi-semiconductor noma adluliselwe yi-semiconductor, emuncwa ama-photon, yiqiniso, amanye ayashisa, kanti amanye. amanye ~ ama-photon ashayisana nama-electron e-atomic valence akha i-semiconductor, ngaleyo ndlela akhiqize ipheya ye-electron-hole.Ngale ndlela, amandla elanga ukukhiqiza amapheya e-electron-hole ngendlela aguqulwa abe amandla kagesi, bese ngokusebenzisa semiconductor yangaphakathi electric field reaction, ukukhiqiza wamanje ethile, uma ucezu semiconductor ibhethri ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene exhunywe ku. yakha i-voltage yamanje eminingi, ukuze ikhiphe amandla.

Okwesithathu, ukuhlaziywa kwesistimu yomqoqi welanga ehlala eJalimane (izithombe eziningi)

Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga, ngokuvamile kuvame ukufaka i-vacuum glass tube heater solar water ophahleni.Le heater ye-vacuum glass tube heater yamanzi ibonakala ngentengo ephansi yokuthengisa kanye nesakhiwo esilula.Nokho, lokhu kusetshenziswa kwamanzi njengendlela yokudlulisa ukushisa kwezifudumezi zamanzi elanga, ngokukhula kokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi komsebenzisi, ku-vacuum glass tube ngaphakathi odongeni lokugcina amanzi, kuyoba ungqimba oluqinile lwesikali, isizukulwane. yalolu ungqimba lwesikali, kuzonciphisa ukusebenza kahle okushisayo kwe-vacuum glass tube, ngakho-ke, lesi sifudumezi esivamile se-vacuum tube solar, njalo ngemva kweminyaka embalwa yesikhathi sokusebenzisa, isidingo sokususa ithubhu yeglasi, thatha izinyathelo ezithile zokufeza isikali. ngaphakathi kwe-tube Kodwa le nqubo, abasebenzisi abaningi abajwayelekile basekhaya ngokuyisisekelo abaqapheli lesi simo.Ngokuphathelene nenkinga yesilinganiso ku-vacuum glass tube heater yamanzi elanga, ngemva kwesikhathi eside sokusetshenziswa, abasebenzisi bangase babe nzima kakhulu ukwenza umsebenzi wokukhipha isikali, kodwa baqhubeke nokwenza ngokusetshenziswa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ebusika, lolu hlobo vacuum ingilazi tube heater solar amanzi, ngoba umsebenzisi wesaba amakhaza ebusika, okuholela uhlelo okokuqandisa, imindeni eminingi, ngokuyisisekelo futhi kuyoba heater amanzi elanga endaweni yokugcina amanzi, ukuthulula ngaphandle in. kusengaphambili, ebusika asisasebenzisi i-heater yamanzi elanga.Futhi, uma isibhakabhaka singakhanyi kahle isikhathi eside, sizophinde sithinte ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwalesi sishisi se-vacuum glass tube solar water heater.Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, lolu hlobo lwesifudumezi samanzi elanga namanzi njengoba indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa ayivamile.Amazwe amaningi aseYurophu ama-heaters amanzi elanga, ingaphakathi liwukusebenzisa ubuthi obuphansi be-propylene glycol antifreeze, njengendlela yokudlulisa ukushisa.Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lokushisa kwamanzi elanga alusebenzisi amanzi, ebusika, uma nje kukhona ilanga esibhakabhakeni, lingasetshenziswa, akukho ukwesaba ebusika kwenkinga yeqhwa.Yiqiniso, ngokungafani nezifudumezi zamanzi zelanga ezifuywayo ezilula, lapho amanzi ohlelweni angasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ngemva kokushiswa, izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga emazweni aseYurophu zidinga ukufakwa kwethangi lokugcina ukushisa ngaphakathi kwegumbi lemishini yasendlini elihambisana nophahla lwendlu. abaqoqi belanga.Ethangini lokugcina indawo yokushisa, uketshezi olubamba ukushisa lwe-propylene glycol lusetshenziselwa ukususa ukushisa kwemisebe yelanga emuncwa abaqoqi belanga elisophahleni kuyise emzimbeni wamanzi ethangini lokugcina nge-copper tube radiator esesimweni sediski elizungezayo ukuze kunikezwe abasebenzisi. ngamanzi ashisayo asekhaya noma amanzi ashisayo esistimu yamanzi ashisayo ashisayo angaphakathi asezingeni eliphansi, okungukuthi, ukushisa phansi, ngokulandelana.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifudumezi zamanzi zelanga emazweni aseYurophu, ngokuvamile zixubene nezinye izinhlelo zokushisa, njengokuthi, ama-heaters amanzi egesi, ama-boilers kawoyela, amaphampu okushisa omthombo ophansi, njll., ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ashisayo nsuku zonke kubasebenzisi basekhaya.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga okuhlala eJalimane okuzimele - isigaba sesithombe sokuqoqa amapuleti ayisicaba

Ukufakwa kwamaphaneli angu-2 wokuqoqa amandla elanga ayisicaba ophahleni lwangaphandle

Ukufakwa kophahla lwangaphandle lwamaphaneli angu-2 wokuqoqa ilanga ayisicaba (futhi ayabonakala, isignali ye-TV yesathelayithi emise okwemvemvane ethola uthi olufakwe ophahleni)

Ukufakwa kwamaphaneli angu-12 okuqoqa amapuleti elanga ayisicaba ophahleni lwangaphandle

Ukufakwa kwamaphaneli angu-2 wokuqoqa amandla elanga ayisicaba ophahleni lwangaphandle

Ukufakwa kophahla lwangaphandle lwamaphaneli angu-2 wokuqoqa ilanga ayisicaba (abuye abonakale, ngaphezu kophahla, anokukhanya kwesibhakabhaka)

Ukufakwa kophahla lwangaphandle lwamaphaneli amabili okuqoqwa elanga ayisicaba (futhi ayabonakala, isignali ye-TV yesathelayithi uvemvane ipharaboli ethola uthi olufakwe ophahleni; ngaphezu kophahla, kunokukhanya kwesibhakabhaka)

Ukufakwa ophahleni lwangaphandle lwamaphaneli ayisishiyagalolunye okuqongelela amapuleti elanga (futhi ayabonakala, isignali ye-TV yesathelayithi uvemvane ipharaboli ithola uthi olufakwe ophahleni; ngaphezu kophahla, kukhona ama-skylight ayisithupha)

Ukufakwa kophahla lwangaphandle kwamaphaneli ayisithupha ayisicaba ahlanganisa amapuleti elanga (okubonakalayo futhi, ngaphezu kophahla, ukufakwa kwamaphaneli esistimu yokuphehla amandla elanga angu-40 e-photovoltaic)

Ukufakwa ophahleni lwangaphandle lwamaphaneli amabili okuqoqwa elanga ayisicaba (okuyabonakala futhi, uphahla lufakwe isignali ye-TV yesathelayithi ye-parabolic butterfly ethola i-antenna; ngaphezu kophahla, kukhona ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka; ngaphezu kophahla, ukufakwa kwamaphaneli angu-20 wesistimu yokuphehla amandla elanga elanga )

Uphahla lwangaphandle, ukufakwa kwe-flat plate uhlobo lwamaphaneli wokuqoqa ilanga, indawo yokwakha.

Uphahla lwangaphandle, ukufakwa kwe-flat plate uhlobo lwamaphaneli wokuqoqa ilanga, indawo yokwakha.

Uphahla lwangaphandle, ukufakwa kwe-flat plate uhlobo lwamaphaneli wokuqoqa ilanga, indawo yokwakha.

Uphahla lwangaphandle, inqola ye-solar yamapuleti ayisicaba, ukuvala kancane kancane.

Uphahla lwangaphandle, inqola ye-solar yamapuleti ayisicaba, ukuvala kancane kancane.

Ophahleni lwendlu, abaqoqi belanga be-flat-plate kanye namapaneli wezinhlelo zokukhiqiza amandla e-solar photovoltaic afakwe phezulu ophahleni;ngaphakathi kwegumbi lemishini endaweni engaphansi kwengxenye engezansi yendlu, kufakwa ama-boilers wamanzi ashisayo afakwe igesi kanye namathangi okugcina amanzi ashisayo okushintshanisa ukushisa ahlanganisiwe, kanye "nama-inverters" okushintshanisa amandla e-DC kanye ne-AC ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza amandla elanga.", kanye nekhabhinethi yokulawula yokuxhumeka kugridi yamandla omphakathi yangaphandle, njll.

Izidingo zamanzi ashisayo zasendlini yilezi: amanzi ashisayo asekhaya endaweni yokuwasha;ukushisa phansi - ukushisa okungaphansi, namanzi okudlulisa ukushisa endaweni yokushisa ephansi yamanzi ashisayo okushisa okukhazimulayo.

Kunamaphaneli e-solar aqongelela ama-plate angu-2 afakwe ophahleni;i-boiler yamanzi ashisayo efakwe ngodonga efakwe ngaphakathi endlini;kufakwe ithangi eliphelele lokugcina amanzi ashisayo;kanye nokusekela amapayipi amanzi ashisayo (abomvu), buyisela amapayipi amanzi (aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), kanye nezinsiza zokulawula ukugeleza okuphakathi kokudlulisa ukushisa ohlelweni lokuqongelela ilanga eliyisicaba, kanye nethangi lokunweba.

Kunamaqembu ama-2 amaphaneli e-solar-plate abaqoqi belanga afakwe ophahleni;ibhoyili yamanzi ashisayo efakwe ngodonga efakwe ngaphakathi endlini;ithangi elihlanganisiwe lokushintshanisa ukushisa lamanzi ashisayo lifakiwe;kanye nokusekela amapayipi amanzi ashisayo (abomvu), buyisela amapayipi amanzi (aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), kanye nezinsiza zokulawula ukugeleza kokudlulisa ukushisa ohlelweni lokuqongelela ilanga eliyisicaba, njll. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ashisayo: amanzi ashisayo asekhaya;ukushisa ukulethwa kwamanzi ashisayo.

Kunamaphaneli angu-8 okuqoqwa kwelanga ayisicaba afakwe ophahleni;i-boiler yamanzi ashisayo yegesi efakwe ngaphakathi kwendlu engaphansi;kufakwe ithangi eliphelele lokugcina amanzi ashisayo;kanye nokusekela amapayipi amanzi ashisayo (abomvu) futhi abuyisele amapayipi amanzi (aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka).Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ashisayo: indlu yokugezela, ukugeza ubuso, ukugeza amanzi ashisayo asekhaya;ekhishini amanzi ashisayo asekhaya;ukushisa ukushisa ukudlulisa amanzi ashisayo.

Kunamaphaneli e-solar aqongelela ama-plate angu-2 afakwe ophahleni;ithangi elihlanganisiwe lokugcina amanzi ashisayo ashisayo afakwe endlini;kanye nokusekela amapayipi amanzi ashisayo (abomvu) futhi abuyisele amapayipi amanzi (aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka).Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ashisayo: okugeza okugezela amanzi ashisayo asekhaya;ekhishini amanzi ashisayo asekhaya.

Amaphaneli e-solar aqoqwa yi-flat-plate afakwe ophahleni;ithangi elihlanganisiwe lokushintshanisa ukushisa kwamanzi ashisayo afakwe endlini;kanye nokufanisa amapayipi amanzi ashisayo (abomvu) futhi abuyisele amapayipi amanzi (aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka).Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ashisayo: amanzi ashisayo asekhaya okugeza endlini yangasese.

Kunamaphaneli e-solar aqongelela ama-plate angu-2 afakwe ophahleni;i-boiler yamanzi ashisayo efakwe ngaphakathi endlini enethangi elihlanganisiwe lokugcina amanzi ashisayo okushintshanisa ukushisa;kanye nokusekela amapayipi amanzi ashisayo (abomvu), buyisela amapayipi amanzi (okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), kanye nephampu yegumbi lokulawula ukugeleza yokudlulisa ukushisa kwemidiya ewuketshezi.Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ashisayo: amanzi ashisayo asekhaya;ukushisa amanzi ashisayo.

Uphahla lufakwe amaphaneli e-solar ayisicaba ane-thermal-insulation yokwakhiwa kwe-thermal endaweni ezungezile;kufakwe ithangi elihlanganisiwe lokugcina amanzi ashisayo, futhi ngaphakathi kwe-tank, idivayisi ye-2-part spiral coil exchange exchange iyabonakala;ithangi elihlanganisiwe lokushintshaniswa kokushisa kwamanzi ashisayo ashisayo ligcwele amanzi okupompi, ashiswa ukuze anikeze amanzi ashisayo.Kukhona futhi izintambo zamanzi ashisayo ezisekelayo (ezibomvu), imigqa yamanzi ebuyayo (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), kanye nephampu yegumbi lokulawula ukugeleza koketshezi oluphakathi kokudlulisa ukushisa.Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ashisayo: Ukugeza ubuso, ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo asekhaya.